Bridge

A bridge in computer networks acts as a connecting element between different local area networks (LANs) or network segments. It works at the data link level of the OSI reference model and enables communication between devices in different network segments.

The main function of a bridge is to control and monitor the data traffic between the segments. It analyzes the data frames it receives and forwards them based on the destination addresses. This is done by comparing the MAC addresses in the data frames with an internal address table that indicates which port belongs to which MAC address.

There are different types of bridges, including simple bridges, transparent bridges and adaptive bridges. Simple bridges only work on the basis of static configurations and forward data based on this configuration. Transparent bridges are capable of switching data traffic between different network types without the network participants being aware of this. Learning bridges can automatically learn MAC addresses and add them to their internal address table to manage traffic more efficiently.

The use of bridges offers several benefits, including improving network performance, segmenting the network to reduce data collisions and improving security by separating sensitive traffic areas.

In modern networks, bridges are often replaced by switches, which perform a similar function but offer additional features such as greater port density and faster data transfer rates.

Overall, bridges play an important role in creating reliable and efficient network infrastructures that enable seamless communication between different network segments.