Branch and Bound

Branch and bound is a heuristic that is used in various optimization applications to find the best possible solution to a problem. In particular, it is often used for path optimization, for example to find the shortest path between two points.

The functionality of Branch and Bound is based on systematically searching through a decision tree, whereby solution paths that do not lead to the goal are excluded in order to speed up the search. The tree is divided into sub-trees (branches), each representing a possible solution. These sub-trees are then evaluated by so-called “bounding” to determine whether they have the potential to deliver an optimal solution.

Bounding is carried out by evaluating sub-trees using a lower and upper bound. Subtrees that exceed the upper bound are not considered further (truncated) as they cannot contain optimal solutions. This eliminates non-conclusive solution paths at an early stage, which increases the efficiency of the search algorithm.

Branch and bound is used in various areas such as network optimization, resource allocation and production planning. In path optimization, for example, it can be used to find the shortest path between different locations, taking obstacles or constraints into account.

Overall, branch and bound is a powerful technique for solving complex optimization problems that enables a systematic search for the best solution by excluding non-objective solution paths.